First Indigenous Protected Area Designated in Canada

For the first time in Canadian history, there is an official Indigenous protected area. 

Last week, in Fort Providence, NWT, the Dehcho First Nations and the Canadian Government designated the Edéhzhíe Protected Area. The Edéhzhíe Protected Area covers 14,218 square kilometres and is located in the southwestern part of the Northwest Territories. The Dehcho First Nations is made up of various First Nation and Metis communities from the Northwest Territories.

The Canadian federal government has announced that this will be the first of several Indigenous protected areas (IPAs) across Canada.

What is an Indigenous Protected Area?

According to a report written by Mary Simon, Canada's first Ambassador for Circumpolar Affairs, in 2017, "Indigenous protected areas are based on the idea of a protected area explicitly designed to accommodate and support an Indigenous vision of a working landscape." IPAs therefore give control of land management to Indigenous communities. The management of such lands will be done with the Indigenous community (e.g. Dehcho First Nations) and the Canadian government.

Canada is not the first country to designate an Indigenous protected area (IPA). In fact, Australia which is the country best known for this model, has 75 Indigenous protected areas that cover over 60 million hectares of land. They have been working on creating IPAs since the 1990s.

Simon’s report, which was written by request from the federal government, went on to make five recommendations related to IPAs when it comes to the Arctic including: "work with Arctic governments and Indigenous organizations to conceive a new federal policy directive that sets out a process for the identification, funding and management of Indigenous protected areas."

Edéhzhíe Protected Area

The Edéhzhíe Protected Area is designed to protect the land, water, wildlife and to ensure that the Decho Dene relationship with the lands will continue in perpetuity, for current and future generations. This will be done in large part through the stewardship, monitoring and cultural practices of the Decho.

As Jonas Antoine, an elder from the Decho First Nations said, "Our people know Edéhzhíe as a special and spiritual place. By working together to secure permanent protection, we are taking steps with Canada to renew our nation-to-nation relationship and ensure that the lands, water, and Dehcho way of life are maintained in Edéhzhíe for present and future generations."

With this announcement comes the expansion of the Dehcho K’éhodi Stewardship Program which is a regional on-the-land program for stewardship.

According to the federal government, "Resourcing this program [Dehcho K’éhodi Stewardship Program] to operate in the protected area is a core element of the Edéhzhíe establishment agreement and an essential part of the Indigenous protected area management."

There will also be a management plan that will guide the Stewardship Program.  This plan will be made by the Edéhzhíe management board. This board will have representatives from the Dehcho First Nations and Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) an will make decisions based on consensus.

This new IPA will hold various northern plants and wildlife including at-risk boreal caribou and wood bison.

Government of Canada

The creation of IPAs falls well within the priorities of the current Canadian federal government.  In the 2018 budget, for example, the government set aside $1.3 billion for conservation. Furthermore, Canada agreed in the UN Convention on Biodiversity that 17 per cent of all lands and inland waters would be protected by 2020.  This new announcement moves them towards this goal.

Reconciliation and the building of nation-to-nation relationships with Indigenous communities across Canada has also been a priority of the current government. As Catherine McKenna, the Minister of Environment and Climate Change said, "By creating the Edéhzhíe Protected Area and National Wildlife Area under the leadership of the Dehcho First Nations, we are protecting a very special place in Canada while working in partnership with Indigenous Peoples to advance reconciliation."